See canaille on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":bor",
"3": "frm:canaille<ety:bor<it:canaglia<ety:inh<la-vul:*canālia<ety:der<la:canis>>>>>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaillebor.\nEnglish canaille\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*canālia\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"dog\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ālia\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-aglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"canaglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"canaille\">\nBorrowed from Middle French canaille.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaillebor.\nEnglish canaille\nBorrowed from Middle French canaille.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "canailles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "canaille (countable and uncountable, plural canailles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ca",
"naille"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
190,
198
]
],
"ref": "1553, Ambroise Paré, “The Journey to Hesdin”, in Journeys In Diverse Places:",
"text": "I was on a rampart watching the enemy pitch their camp; and, seeing the crowd of idlers round the stream, I asked M. du Pont, commissary of the artillery, to send one cannon-shot among this canaille: he gave me a flat refusal, saying that all this sort of people was not worth the powder would be wasted on them.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1865, John Ruskin, \"Of Kings' Treasuries\", Unto This Last and Other Writings, Penguin: New York (1997), p. 262",
"text": "… whatever language he knows, he knows precisely; whatever word he pronounces, he pronounces rightly; above all, he is learned in the peerage of words; knows the words of true descent and ancient blood, at a glance, from words of modern canaille; …"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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224,
232
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],
"ref": "1937, P. G. Wodehouse, Lord Emsworth and Others, Woodstock: Overlook, published 2002, pages 99–100:",
"text": "The President's Cup, for all its high-sounding name, was one of the lowliest and most humble trophies offered for competition to the members of our club... It had been instituted by a kindly committee for the benefit of the canaille of our little golfing world, those retired military, naval and business men who withdraw to the country and take up golf in their fifties.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar."
],
"id": "en-canaille-en-noun-ePYhTOkp",
"links": [
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, collective) The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "canaille"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonality"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonalty"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonage"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "demos"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "everyone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "general public"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "great unhosed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "great unwashed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "herd"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "hoi polloi"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "lower class"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "many"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "masses"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "mob"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "multitude"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "odds and sods"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "peasantry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "populace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "proletariat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "rabble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "rank and file"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "riffraff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "third estate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "trash"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed masses"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "working class"
}
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shorts or inferior flour."
],
"id": "en-canaille-en-noun-g0m8rRoy",
"links": [
[
"Shorts",
"shorts"
],
[
"flour",
"flour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, Canada) Shorts or inferior flour."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈnaɪ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kəˈneɪl/"
},
{
"enpr": "kə-nī'"
},
{
"enpr": "kə-nāl'"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"word": "canaille"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "karnallie"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanari"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "frm:canaille<ety:bor<it:canaglia<ety:inh<la-vul:*canālia<ety:der<la:canis>>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaillebor.\nDutch canaille\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*canālia\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"dog\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ālia\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-aglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"canaglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"canaille\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille"
},
"expansion": "Middle French canaille",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "it",
"3": "canaglia"
},
"expansion": "Italian canaglia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaillebor.\nDutch canaille\nBorrowed from Middle French canaille, from Italian canaglia. From the sixteenth century onwards.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "canailles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kanalje",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-s",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "canaille n (plural canailles, no diminutive)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ca",
"nail",
"le"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plebs, scum, riffraff"
],
"id": "en-canaille-nl-noun-Z0D2kwOt",
"links": [
[
"plebs",
"plebs"
],
[
"scum",
"scum"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) plebs, scum, riffraff"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"no-diminutive",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"rascal, jerk, scumbag"
],
"id": "en-canaille-nl-noun-gqHBdWIX",
"links": [
[
"rascal",
"rascal"
],
[
"jerk",
"jerk"
],
[
"scumbag",
"scumbag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) rascal, jerk, scumbag"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"neuter",
"no-diminutive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaːˈnɑ.jə/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-canaille.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Nl-canaille.ogg/Nl-canaille.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Nl-canaille.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑjə"
}
],
"word": "canaille"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "People",
"orig": "fr:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "canailler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "canaillerie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "canaillocratie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "canaillou"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "encanaillement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "encanailler"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "kannay"
},
{
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"word": "kanay"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "karnallie"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanari"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "canaille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "karnallie"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanari"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"superseded"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "kanalje"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "canaille"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanajlo"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Canaille"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kanaille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russenorsk",
"lang_code": "crp-rsn",
"word": "kanalja"
},
{
"lang": "Russenorsk",
"lang_code": "crp-rsn",
"word": "kanali"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:canaille<ety:bor<it:canaglia<ety:inh<la-vul:*canālia<ety:der<la:canis>>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaille\nFrench canaille\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*canālia\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"dog\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ālia\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-aglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"canaglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"canaille\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French canaille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French canaille",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "canaglia"
},
"expansion": "Italian canaglia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaille\nFrench canaille\nInherited from Middle French canaille, from Italian canaglia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "canailles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "canaille f (plural canailles)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"rabble, riffraff"
],
"id": "en-canaille-fr-noun-RzUTHZPo",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, derogatory, collectively) rabble, riffraff"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"collective",
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Louisiana French",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rascal, blackguard, scoundrel, scum"
],
"id": "en-canaille-fr-noun-2iLuhtog",
"links": [
[
"rascal",
"rascal"
],
[
"blackguard",
"blackguard"
],
[
"scoundrel",
"scoundrel"
],
[
"scum",
"scum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(also Louisiana) rascal, blackguard, scoundrel, scum"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana",
"also",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Louisiana French",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 9 3 1 14 9 11 10 3 9 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 9 2 1 12 10 12 11 2 9 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 8 1 0 14 10 12 12 1 9 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 7 3 1 23 7 8 7 3 7 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 9 11 10 3 9 28 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 10 12 11 3 10 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 13 10 12 12 2 10 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clever person"
],
"id": "en-canaille-fr-noun-zc~YytvD",
"links": [
[
"clever",
"clever"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) clever person"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Louisiana French",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 9 3 1 14 9 11 10 3 9 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 7 3 1 23 7 8 7 3 7 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trickster, prankster"
],
"id": "en-canaille-fr-noun-sIgSIZRl",
"links": [
[
"trickster",
"trickster"
],
[
"prankster",
"prankster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) trickster, prankster"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.naj/",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ka.nɑj/",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fr-canaille.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Fr-canaille.ogg/Fr-canaille.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Fr-canaille.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris"
],
"text": "\"une canaille\""
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑ̃.naj/",
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aj"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑj"
},
{
"homophone": "canailles"
}
],
"word": "canaille"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "People",
"orig": "fr:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:canaille<ety:bor<it:canaglia<ety:inh<la-vul:*canālia<ety:der<la:canis>>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaille\nFrench canaille\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*canālia\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"dog\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ālia\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-aglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"canaglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"canaille\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French canaille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French canaille",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "canaglia"
},
"expansion": "Italian canaglia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaille\nFrench canaille\nInherited from Middle French canaille, from Italian canaglia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "canailles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "canaille (plural canailles)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"raffish"
],
"id": "en-canaille-fr-adj-Sr0y46UZ",
"links": [
[
"raffish",
"raffish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 9 3 1 14 9 11 10 3 9 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 7 3 1 23 7 8 7 3 7 21 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 7 2 1 26 7 9 8 2 7 19 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scoundrelly"
],
"id": "en-canaille-fr-adj-lnPwpRNg",
"links": [
[
"scoundrelly",
"scoundrelly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Louisiana French",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cunning, tricky"
],
"id": "en-canaille-fr-adj-Jopiw-sT",
"links": [
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
],
[
"tricky",
"tricky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) cunning, tricky"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Louisiana French",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 9 3 1 14 9 11 10 3 9 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mischievous"
],
"id": "en-canaille-fr-adj-Uqmv0Jz-",
"links": [
[
"mischievous",
"mischievous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) mischievous"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Louisiana French",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 9 3 1 14 9 11 10 3 9 17 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unruly"
],
"id": "en-canaille-fr-adj-0DWK-dfX",
"links": [
[
"unruly",
"unruly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) unruly"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.naj/",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ka.nɑj/",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fr-canaille.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Fr-canaille.ogg/Fr-canaille.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Fr-canaille.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris"
],
"text": "\"une canaille\""
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑ̃.naj/",
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aj"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑj"
},
{
"homophone": "canailles"
}
],
"word": "canaille"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with etymology trees",
"Dutch entries with etymon",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Dutch terms derived from Italian",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle French",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱwṓ",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑjə",
"fr:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "karnallie"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanari"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "frm:canaille<ety:bor<it:canaglia<ety:inh<la-vul:*canālia<ety:der<la:canis>>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaillebor.\nDutch canaille\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*canālia\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"dog\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ālia\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-aglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"canaglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Dutch\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"nl\" }\" data-lang=\"nl\" data-title=\"canaille\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille"
},
"expansion": "Middle French canaille",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "it",
"3": "canaglia"
},
"expansion": "Italian canaglia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaillebor.\nDutch canaille\nBorrowed from Middle French canaille, from Italian canaglia. From the sixteenth century onwards.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "canailles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kanalje",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-s",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "canaille n (plural canailles, no diminutive)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ca",
"nail",
"le"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"plebs, scum, riffraff"
],
"links": [
[
"plebs",
"plebs"
],
[
"scum",
"scum"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) plebs, scum, riffraff"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"no-diminutive",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"rascal, jerk, scumbag"
],
"links": [
[
"rascal",
"rascal"
],
[
"jerk",
"jerk"
],
[
"scumbag",
"scumbag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) rascal, jerk, scumbag"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"neuter",
"no-diminutive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaːˈnɑ.jə/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-canaille.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Nl-canaille.ogg/Nl-canaille.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Nl-canaille.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑjə"
}
],
"word": "canaille"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱwṓ",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables",
"fr:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "frm:canaille<ety:bor<it:canaglia<ety:inh<la-vul:*canālia<ety:der<la:canis>>>>>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaillebor.\nEnglish canaille\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*canālia\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"dog\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ālia\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-aglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"canaglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"canaille\">\nBorrowed from Middle French canaille.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaillebor.\nEnglish canaille\nBorrowed from Middle French canaille.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "canailles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "canaille (countable and uncountable, plural canailles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ca",
"naille"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English collective nouns",
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
190,
198
]
],
"ref": "1553, Ambroise Paré, “The Journey to Hesdin”, in Journeys In Diverse Places:",
"text": "I was on a rampart watching the enemy pitch their camp; and, seeing the crowd of idlers round the stream, I asked M. du Pont, commissary of the artillery, to send one cannon-shot among this canaille: he gave me a flat refusal, saying that all this sort of people was not worth the powder would be wasted on them.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1865, John Ruskin, \"Of Kings' Treasuries\", Unto This Last and Other Writings, Penguin: New York (1997), p. 262",
"text": "… whatever language he knows, he knows precisely; whatever word he pronounces, he pronounces rightly; above all, he is learned in the peerage of words; knows the words of true descent and ancient blood, at a glance, from words of modern canaille; …"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
224,
232
]
],
"ref": "1937, P. G. Wodehouse, Lord Emsworth and Others, Woodstock: Overlook, published 2002, pages 99–100:",
"text": "The President's Cup, for all its high-sounding name, was one of the lowliest and most humble trophies offered for competition to the members of our club... It had been instituted by a kindly committee for the benefit of the canaille of our little golfing world, those retired military, naval and business men who withdraw to the country and take up golf in their fifties.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar."
],
"links": [
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, collective) The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "canaille"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonality"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonalty"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "crowd"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "commonage"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "demos"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "everyone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "general public"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "great unhosed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "great unwashed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "herd"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "hoi polloi"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "lower class"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "many"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "masses"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "mob"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "multitude"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"tags": [
"Britain"
],
"word": "odds and sods"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "peasantry"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "plebs"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "populace"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "proletariat"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "rabble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "rank and file"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "riffraff"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "third estate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "trash"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "unwashed masses"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:commonalty",
"word": "working class"
}
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian English",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Shorts or inferior flour."
],
"links": [
[
"Shorts",
"shorts"
],
[
"flour",
"flour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, Canada) Shorts or inferior flour."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈnaɪ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kəˈneɪl/"
},
{
"enpr": "kə-nī'"
},
{
"enpr": "kə-nāl'"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"word": "canaille"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with etymology trees",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Italian",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱwṓ",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:French/aj",
"Rhymes:French/aj/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:French/ɑj",
"Rhymes:French/ɑj/2 syllables",
"fr:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "canailler"
},
{
"word": "canaillerie"
},
{
"word": "canaillocratie"
},
{
"word": "canaillou"
},
{
"word": "encanaillement"
},
{
"word": "encanailler"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "kannay"
},
{
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"word": "kanay"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "karnallie"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanari"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "canaille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "karnallie"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanari"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"superseded"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "kanalje"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "canaille"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanajlo"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Canaille"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Kanaille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russenorsk",
"lang_code": "crp-rsn",
"word": "kanalja"
},
{
"lang": "Russenorsk",
"lang_code": "crp-rsn",
"word": "kanali"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kanalje"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:canaille<ety:bor<it:canaglia<ety:inh<la-vul:*canālia<ety:der<la:canis>>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaille\nFrench canaille\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*canālia\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"dog\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ālia\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-aglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"canaglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"canaille\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French canaille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French canaille",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "canaglia"
},
"expansion": "Italian canaglia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaille\nFrench canaille\nInherited from Middle French canaille, from Italian canaglia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "canailles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "canaille f (plural canailles)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French collective nouns",
"French derogatory terms",
"French terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"rabble, riffraff"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"rabble",
"rabble"
],
[
"riffraff",
"riffraff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, derogatory, collectively) rabble, riffraff"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"collective",
"derogatory",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Louisiana French"
],
"glosses": [
"rascal, blackguard, scoundrel, scum"
],
"links": [
[
"rascal",
"rascal"
],
[
"blackguard",
"blackguard"
],
[
"scoundrel",
"scoundrel"
],
[
"scum",
"scum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(also Louisiana) rascal, blackguard, scoundrel, scum"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana",
"also",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Louisiana French"
],
"glosses": [
"clever person"
],
"links": [
[
"clever",
"clever"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) clever person"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Louisiana French"
],
"glosses": [
"trickster, prankster"
],
"links": [
[
"trickster",
"trickster"
],
[
"prankster",
"prankster"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) trickster, prankster"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.naj/",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ka.nɑj/",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fr-canaille.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Fr-canaille.ogg/Fr-canaille.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Fr-canaille.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris"
],
"text": "\"une canaille\""
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑ̃.naj/",
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aj"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑj"
},
{
"homophone": "canailles"
}
],
"word": "canaille"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with etymology trees",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Italian",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱwṓ",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:French/aj",
"Rhymes:French/aj/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:French/ɑj",
"Rhymes:French/ɑj/2 syllables",
"fr:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:canaille<ety:bor<it:canaglia<ety:inh<la-vul:*canālia<ety:der<la:canis>>>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaille\nFrench canaille\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canēs\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*canālia\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"dog\", \"pos\" : \"word\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱwṓ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"cane\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ālia\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"-aglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"canaglia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canaille\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"canaille\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French canaille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "canaille"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French canaille",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "canaglia"
},
"expansion": "Italian canaglia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱwṓder.\nLatin canēs\nLatin canisder.\nVulgar Latin *canālia\nItalian canagliabor.\nMiddle French canaille\nFrench canaille\nInherited from Middle French canaille, from Italian canaglia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "canailles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "canaille (plural canailles)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"raffish"
],
"links": [
[
"raffish",
"raffish"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scoundrelly"
],
"links": [
[
"scoundrelly",
"scoundrelly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Louisiana French"
],
"glosses": [
"cunning, tricky"
],
"links": [
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
],
[
"tricky",
"tricky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) cunning, tricky"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Louisiana French"
],
"glosses": [
"mischievous"
],
"links": [
[
"mischievous",
"mischievous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) mischievous"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Louisiana French"
],
"glosses": [
"unruly"
],
"links": [
[
"unruly",
"unruly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Louisiana) unruly"
],
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.naj/",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ka.nɑj/",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "Fr-canaille.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Fr-canaille.ogg/Fr-canaille.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Fr-canaille.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris"
],
"text": "\"une canaille\""
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-canaille.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑ̃.naj/",
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aj"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑj"
},
{
"homophone": "canailles"
}
],
"word": "canaille"
}
Download raw JSONL data for canaille meaning in All languages combined (31.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.